Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Definition: Group of infections that may be acquired during sexual intercourse.
Aetiology:
– Bacterial; e.g. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia.
– Fungal; e.g. Candida and Tinea.
– Viral; e.g. HPV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV, and Moluscum contagiosum.
– Spirochetes; Syphilis.
– Protozoa; Trichomonas vaginalis and Amoebas.
– Parasites; Pediculosis pubis.
Gonorrhea
Aetiology:
A. Causative organism: gonococci (gram –ve intracellular diplococci).
B. Mode of infection:
1) Sexual route: sexual intercourse (the most important).
2) Non-sexual routes:
• Contaminated towels & instruments.
• Ophthalmia neonatorum (passage through infected birth canal).
C. Predisposing factors: multiple sexual partners.
Sites of infection: (tissues not covered by stratified squamous epithelium)
A. Primary sites: urethra, Skene’s glands, Bartholin’s glands & endocervical glands.
B. Secondary sites: tubes & ovaries + pelvic peritoneum, endometrium, UB & kidney.
C. Tertiary sites: disseminated gonococcal infection e.g. iridocyclitis.
N.B. Adult vagina is protected by its thick mucosa (squamous epithelium) & acidic pH.
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Syphilis
Aetiology:
A. Causative organism: treponema pallidum (spirochete).
B. Mode of infection:
1) Sexual route: sexual intercourse.
2) Non-sexual route: materno-fetal (placental).
C. Predisposing factors: multiple sexual partners.
Diagnosis:
Primary syphilis: (incubation period= 2- 6 weeks)
– Chancre: (the commonest site is cervix)
– Single, punched out & painless
– Heals spontaneously within 4 weeks.
– Inguinal lymphadenopathy.
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Chlamydia infection
♦♦♦ The commonest sexual infection in developed countries.
Aetiology:
A. Causative organism: chlamydia trachomatis.
– Similar to bacteria in:
– Divided by binary fission.
– Contains both DNA & RNA.
– Sensitive to antibiotic e.g. tetracycline.
– Similar to viruses in: obligatory intracellular.
B. Mode of infection:
– Sexual route: sexual contact.
– Non-sexual route: ophthalmia neonatorum (passage through infected birth canal).
C. Predisposing factors: multiple sexual partners.
Read more about Chlamydia infection
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Aetiology:
A. Causative organism: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) type I, II.
1) RNA core with reverse transcriptase.
2) Once infect T helper cells, RNA is converted to DNA by reverse transcriptase.
3) The virus proliferates within the cells cell rupture release of large amounts of
viruses’ invasion of other T helper lymphocytes.
B. Mode of infection:
1) Sexual route: homosexual, heterosexual.
2) Non-sexual route: *contaminated body fluid & contaminated syringes.
*Materno-fetal: – more with initial infection or advanced stages.
– may be abrasion during delivery & breast feeding.
C. Predisposing factors:
Multiple sexual partners especially homosexual & among addicts.
Read more about Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Herpes simplex virus
♦ The commonest genital ulcer.
Aetiology:
A. Causative organism: herpes simplex virus mainly type 2.
B. Mode of infection:
– Sexual route: sexual contact.
– Non-sexual route: materno-fetal.
C. Predisposing factors: multiple sexual partners.
Read more about Herpes simplex virus
Human papilloma virus
Aetiology:
A. Causative organism: human papilloma virus (types 16 & 18 are oncogenic strains)
B. Mode of infection: like HSV.
C. Predisposing factors: multiple sexual partners.
Diagnosis:
– Condyloma acuminata: multiple cauliflower genital masses.
– Giant condyloma.
– Complications:
– Cervical & vulval cancer.
– In pregnancy:
– Rapid growth occurs but regress rapidly after delivery.
– Infection of the fetus during delivery leads to
laryngeal papiloma.
Read more about Human papilloma virusvirus
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Oral Presentation video
STD and STD Symptoms video
What is STD? What are the symptoms of STDs? How do STDs spread? How to prevent STDs? Common types of STDs: herpes(HSV-1, HSV-2), HPV, HIV, Hepatitis(A, B, C),Chlamydia, Thrush, Syphilis, Gonorrhea.Symptoms of those STDs: herpes symptoms, HIV symptoms, HPV symptoms, chlamydia syptoms, thrush symptoms, syphilis symptoms etc.
Sexually transmitted diseases STD in women and men syphilis, chlamydia, gonoirrhoeae and hermes video
This lecture explains about the different types of sexually transmitted diseases in women and in men such as siphilis, gonorrhoeae, chlamydia and AIDS. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs, including Chlamydia Gonorrhea Genital herpes HIV/AIDS HPV Syphilis Trichomoniasis Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for the baby. If you have an STD caused by bacteria or parasites, your health care provider can treat it with antibiotics or other medicines. If you have an STD caused by a virus, there is no cure. Sometimes medicines can keep the disease under control. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Common Diseases Dr.T.V.Rao MD Dr.T.V.Rao MD
What are Sexually Transmitted Diseases • STD’s are infections that are spread from person to person through intimate sexual contact. • STD’s are dangerous because they are easily spread and it is hard to tell just by looking who has an STD. • 1 in 4 teenagers has an STD.(Western Statistics)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
What is a Sexually Transmitted Infection or STI? STI’s are infections that are spread from person to person through intimate sexual contact. STI’s are dangerous because they are easily spread and it is hard to tell just by looking who has an STI. 1 in 4 sexually active teens has an STI.