Vulvitis Definition: Inflammatory reaction affecting vulva. Vulvitis Aetiology: A. Primary : a) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): ♦ Bacterial: *Gonorrhea & syphilis. *Chancroid & granuloma inguinale. ♦ Viral: *Herpes simplex &...

 Defensive mechanisms against infections:  ♦♦♦ Vaginal cavity is guarded by approximation of both labia also approximation of both anterior and posterior vaginal walls. ♦♦♦ Vagina mucosa is thick stratified squamous epithelium...

Urinary Stress incontinence Genuine stress incontinence,Sphincteric stress incontinence. Detrusor overactivity Stress incontinence physiological background A. Continence at rest is maintained by: 1) Intra-urethral pressure 50 cm H2O is more than...

Genitourinary fistula Genitourinary fistula
definition:  Abnormal epithelialized tract communicating between urinary & genital tracts. Genitourinary fistula
classification: ( according to anatomical situation) A. Ureteric: 1. Uretro-uterine fistula. 2. Uretro-cervical fistula. 3. Uretro-vaginal...

Vesicovaginal fistula definition: Abnormal epithelialized tract connecting between urinary bladder cavity & vaginal lumen. Vesicovaginal fistula incidence: the commonest type of genitourinary fistulae. Vesicovaginal fistula aetiology: A. Congenital: very rare....

Urinary incontinence
definition: Escape of urine against the patient's will. Urinary incontinence
types: 1. Complete(true) incontinence: Def.: continuous passage of urine day & night from the vagina without desire to micturate i.e. she...

Uterine retroversion definition: Retroversion: the long axis of the uterus is directed backwards. Retroflexion: the uterus is curved backwards. Uterine retroversion incidence: 15 % of normal females have RVF. Uterinee...

Genital prolapse definition: Protrusion of one or more genital organs below their normal anatomical position. Genital prolapse Incidence: * 10 – 30 % of multiparous females. * 2 % of...

Development of the vagina ♣Origin:  2 origins: * Upper 3/4 from Mullerian duct. * Lower 1/4 from urogenital sinus. ◊ When Mullerian tubercle (lower end of Mullerian duct) reaches urogenital...

Development of uterus ♣Origin:  Middle part of Mullerian duct. ♣Mullerian duct: ◊ 2 ducts develop as invagination of coelomic epithelium. ◊ They are lateral to genital ridge & Wolffian system....