Menstruation physiology ♦♦♦ Regulation of menstrual cycle controlled by the following substances: 1. Main hormones: 1) GnRH. 2) FSH. 3) LH. 2. Assistant hormones: 1) Inhibin. 2) Activin. 3) PGs....
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Definition: Group of infections that may be acquired during sexual intercourse. Aetiology: - Bacterial; e.g. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. - Fungal; e.g. Candida and Tinea. - Viral;...
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Pruritus vulvae Definition: Intense desire to scratch the vulva and may be associated with anal pruritus. Incidence: difficult to be estimated as it is a symptom not a disease. Aetiology:...
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Human papilloma virus Aetiology: A. Causative organism: human papilloma virus (types 16 & 18 are oncogenic strains) B. Mode of infection: like HSV. C. Predisposing factors: multiple sexual partners. Diagnosis:...
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Herpes simplex virus ♦ The commonest genital ulcer. Aetiology: A. Causative organism: herpes simplex virus mainly type 2. B. Mode of infection: - Sexual route: sexual contact. - Non-sexual route:...
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Aetiology: A. Causative organism: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) type I, II. 1) RNA core with reverse transcriptase. 2) Once infect T helper cells, RNA is converted...
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Chlamydia infection ♦♦♦ The commonest sexual infection in developed countries. Aetiology: A. Causative organism: chlamydia trachomatis. - Similar to bacteria in: - Divided by binary fission. - Contains both DNA...
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Syphilis aetiology: A. Causative organism: treponema pallidum (spirochete). B. Mode of infection: 1) Sexual route: sexual intercourse. 2) Non-sexual route: materno-fetal (placental). C. Predisposing factors: multiple sexual partners. Syphilis diagnosis:...
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Gonorrhea aetiology: A. Causative organism: gonococci (gram –ve intracellular diplococci). B. Mode of infection: 1) Sexual route: sexual intercourse (the most important). 2) Non-sexual routes: • Contaminated towels & instruments....
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Genital bilharisiasis aetiology: A. Causative organism: usually schistosoma hematobium. B. Mode of infection: via communication between pelvic venous plexuses. C. Predisposing factors: farmers. Genital bilharisiasis pathology: Sites: * Vulva &...
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